Chapter 12: The Family

     Family is more than a group of individuals, is a group of people related by blood, marriage, and adoption that often live together and share a monetary fund. And the family can be divided in four types of it: nuclear which is one parent or both that liv e with their children, family of orientation which is a family when have one bon or adopted into, family of procreation which is family one has a partner and kids with, and extended family which is two or more generations of the family as grandparents or cousins living in the same roof.

     In this we can also see the kinship that is a network of people which are married, born or adopted into a family. They are three different levels of kinship: primary, secondary, and tertiary. The primary kinship is the on closest relationship. These only include the mom, dad, spouse, sister, brother, daughter, and son. The secondary kinship is the second closest relationships such as aunts, grandparents, nephews, and nieces. And at last the tertiary kinship is one of the largest subgroups and contain aver 150 categories. Sociology defines marriage simply as the rules established between individuals.  They are different types of marriage. Monogamy that most of the cultures follow this union type and one can only marry another persona at a time, and you can remarriage by divorcing. Polygamy is that one can be married to several people at a time and it is done because of prestige and wealth. Polygyny in here one man marries many women this is a common type of polygamy. Polyandry is when one woman can marry many men at a time. Patrilocality are families that leave near the husband family.

     Some characteristics that family has are that they regulate sexual activity, reproduction, socialization, economic security, emotional security. People get married often due or physical or emotional attachment with their partner. And they are two different types of marriage homogamy that is marrying a similar age, race, religion, and socio-economic status and the heterogamy that is marrying people from different social characteristics. 

                                                Extended family also the base of society.

     Family disruptors is almost for ending something, this interfere with the family and start to begin and create the problems like family violence which is one of the most devastating and also most rare type of disruption with no boundaries regarding the age, race or religion. The second step is the divorce by the separation of the couple, one of two marriages end up in divorce. Those couples with college degrees are less likely to experience divorce while graduate women are more likely to get divorced. African American also is more likely to get divorced. Some side effects that these disruptors bring are the depression, anxiety, alcoholism, suicide, and drug abuse. Widowing is when one reaches old age and one spouse die. New issues with families are he delayed marriage, delayed childbearing, childlessness, single parent families, remarriage, and same-sex marriage. On delayed marriage and childbearing many people are together but not married maybe because economic issues. In childlessness infertility of voluntary childlessness has occurred, after WWII women were given more opportunities in the workforce. Single parent families are families with divorced parents with a case of dead spouse or issues within it. Money is one of the biggest concerns for families. The remarriage are step families in which a spouse becomes a widow and remarry again, it takes 5 years for kids in a remarried family to be fully adapted. And the same-sex families are the same sex couples in which they are judged negatively but a research in Binghamton University made a study on how people judge same sex families. Also the University of Amsterdam discovered that children in lesbian homes than kids in straight families scored higher on psychological measures of self-esteem and confidence and did better academically with less behavioral issues.

     Family is like a small society in which they can create issues such as disruptions and the different types of marriage that depending on what part of the world are you is different. Each family is different the rules and how is it organized.